What is Greenhouse Gases and Greenhouse gas effect?

Greenhouse gases are gases in an atmosphere that absorb and emit radiation within the thermal infrared range. This process is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect. Common greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere include water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, and chlorofluorocarbons.
In our solar system, the atmospheres of Venus, Mars and Titan also contain gases that cause greenhouse effects.
Greenhouse gases, mainly water vapor, are essential to helping determine the temperature of the Earth; without them this planet would likely be so cold as to be uninhabitable. Although many factors such as the sun and the water cycle are responsible for the Earth's weather and energy balance, if all else was held equal and stable, the planet's average temperature should be considerably lower without greenhouse gases.
Human activities have an impact upon the levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which has other effects upon the system, with their own possible repercussions. The 2007 assessment report compiled by the IPCC observed that "changes in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases and aerosols, land cover and solar radiation alter the energy balance of the climate system", and concluded that "increases in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations is very likely to have caused most of the increases in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century".
In order, Earth's most abundant greenhouse gases are:
water vapor
carbon dioxide
methane
nitrous oxide
ozone
CFCs
When these gases are ranked by their contribution to the greenhouse effect, the most important are:
water vapor, which contributes 36–72%
carbon dioxide, which contributes 9–26%
methane, which contributes 4–9%
ozone, which contributes 3–7%
The major non-gas contributor to the Earth's greenhouse effect, clouds, also absorb and emit infrared radiation and thus have an effect on radiative properties of the greenhouse gases.
The contribution to the greenhouse effect by a gas is affected by both the characteristics of the gas and its abundance. For example, on a molecule-for-molecule basis methane is a much stronger greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, but it is present in much smaller concentrations so that its total contribution is smaller.
It is not possible to state that a certain gas causes an exact percentage of the greenhouse effect, because the influences of the various gases are not additive. The higher ends of the ranges quoted are for the gas alone; the lower ends, for the gas counting overlaps.Other greenhouse gases include sulfur hexafluoride, hydrofluorocarbons and perfluorocarbons. Some greenhouse gases are not often listed. For example, nitrogen trifluoride has a high global warming potential (GWP) but is only present in very small quantities.
Although contributing to many other physical and chemical reactions, the major atmospheric constituents, nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), and argon (Ar), are not greenhouse gases. This is because homonuclear diatomic molecules such as N and O and monatomic molecules such as Ar have no net change in their dipole moment when they vibrate and hence are almost totally unaffected by infrared light. Although heteronuclear diatomics such as carbon monoxide (CO) or hydrogen chloride (HCl) absorb IR, these molecules are short-lived in the atmosphere owing to their reactivity and solubility. As a consequence they do not contribute significantly to the greenhouse effect and are not often included when discussing greenhouse gases.
Late 19th century scientists experimentally discovered that N and O did not absorb infrared radiation (called, at that time, "dark radiation") and that water as a vapour and in cloud form, CO and many other gases did absorb such radiation. It was recognized in the early 20th century that the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere caused the Earth's overall temperature to be higher than it would be without them.

How Safe is HHO Hydrogen Fuel? Hydrogen Fuel Cells?

How Safe is Hydrogen Fuel&Hydrogen; Fuel Cell Technology?

For Safety and Code Officials
Like gasoline and natural gas, hydrogen is a fuel that must be handled appropriately. When guidelines are observed, it can be used as safely as the other common fuels we use today.
The Basics: DOE Hydrogen Safety Fact Sheet
This hydrogen safety fact sheet provides basic facts about hydrogen properties and behavior to help users understand issues related to hydrogen safety. Download Adobe Reader.
Visit our Increase Your HIQ page for more basic information about hydrogen and fuel cell technologies.
DOE's Introduction to Hydrogen Safety for First Responders
This Web-based course covers hydrogen properties, explains how to identify and recognize hydrogen equipment, and describes initial protective actions for first responders, including fire, law enforcement, and emergency medical personnel. Modules focus on hydrogen basics, transport and storage, vehicles, dispensing, stationary facilities, codes and standards, and emergency response. The course also includes a quiz and a library with additional resources and links to related information.
California Fuel Cell Partnership (CAFCP) Resources for First Responders
The CAFCP offers educational seminars (primarily in California) and other resources, including a response scenarios video, for firefighters, paramedics, EMTs, and law enforcement. For contact information and to learn more, visit the CAFCP Web site.
Permitting Hydrogen Facilities Web site
A Permitting Hydrogen Facilities Web site identifies model codes and standards to help local permitting officials deal with proposals for hydrogen fueling stations, fuel cell use for telecommunications facilities, and other hydrogen projects.
Hydrogen Safety Bibliographic Database
DOE's Hydrogen Safety Bibliographic Database provides references to reports, articles, books, and other resources for information on hydrogen safety as it relates to production, storage, distribution, and use.
Hydrogen Safety Report
Produced by the National Hydrogen Association and funded by DOE, the Hydrogen Safety Report is a monthly electronic newsletter dedicated to hydrogen safety, codes, and standards issues.
Hydrogen Incident Reporting Database
The Hydrogen Incident Reporting Database provides lessons learned and other relevant information gained from actual experiences using and working with hydrogen. The database contains records of events involving hydrogen or hydrogen-related technologies.
U.S. Statutes and Regulations
Led by the U.S. Department of Transportation, the Federal Interagency Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technical Task Force developed an interactive map tool to illustrate the authorities, U.S. statutes, and regulations that may be applicable to hydrogen.
U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Hydrogen Portal
DOT has successfully regulated hydrogen transport for decades. Its Hydrogen Portal offers DOT resources as well as information about hydrogen-related projects and other activities.
Regulators' Guide to Permitting Hydrogen Technologies
DOE's Regulators' Guide to Permitting Hydrogen Technologies provides information about hydrogen's use as a fuel, the regulatory process, and relevant codes and standards for stationary fuel cell technologies for commercial buildings and hydrogen motor fuel dispensing facilities.
Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Codes and Standards Matrix
The Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Codes and Standards Matrix is a directory of worldwide hydrogen- and fuel cell-related codes and standards.

Visit us @; http://www.hydroforcefuel.com/

"Questions & Answers" About Hydro-Force Fuel Hydrogen Systems

Q. What is the hydrogen/fuel combined Octane ratio?
A. Hydrogen has an octane rating of roughly 130; regular gas 87. HHO in a well designed cell produces; of the total output volume 2/3 Hydrogen, and 1/3 Oxygen. Rough estimates place the Hydrogen + the atomized gas going into the combustion cycle @ 105-112 Octane. Adding oxygen will create a more efficient burn.
By monitoring the O2 sensor on a scope, you can detect the additional oxygen in the exhaust gas when switching the unit on and off. Adding small amounts of hydrogen fuel to gasoline produces efficient lean operation by increasing the apparent flame speed and reducing ignition lag.
On the older carbureted engines, adjustments must be made. Because the hydrogen fuel will increases combustion speed, initial timing must be retarded so that the combustion doesn't start before the beginning of the combustion/power stroke. Since the gasoline is ignited nearly simultaneously combustion is completed several degrees before the end of the power stroke, which causes the exhaust to be cooler and more oxygen rich.


Q. Do you supply a Warranty on the product? A Guarantee on mileage improvement?
A. Yes. We Do Warranty our systems for manufacture defects for a period of 60 days. View our Limited Warranty on the purchase page.
But as for a Guarantee of Mileage increase - We do not have control over the operating condition of your vehicle. Standard vehicle maintenance is the owners responsibility (checking tire pressure, tune-ups, cleaning air filters, etc.) Failure to do so will effect the outcome of your vehicles performance and efficiency.
2 key components installed by the "vehicle manufacture" are the Oxygen sensor and ECU that make the fuel adjustments for our system. The Oxygen sensor is the most common overlooked component when owners perform vehicle maintenance. This should be replace as often as your spark plugs. Not always will a weak Oxygen sensor throw a check engine code. If this sensor is not working to it's full potential, it will not supply a true reading for the ECU to make the adjustment for fuel efficiency.
We also do not have control over how you mix the electrolyte, which will effect how much hydrogen fuel is produced. So, we do not guarantee how much your mileage will increase.
But, we stand by the statement, YOU WILL IMPROVE YOUR MILES PER GALLON. "AN AVERAGE INCREASE" is 25%-35%.


Q. Can I transfer a Hydrogen fuel cell from one vehicle to another? Will my vehicle revert back to its factory setting?
A. Yes. A Hydrogen fuel cell system can easily be transferred onto another vehicle. We supply a install manual with every Fuel Cell. Your vehicle will revert back to factory settings when the fuel cell system is removed. The Hydro-Force Fuel Cell System does not alter or tamper with any factory components of the vehicle when it is installed, so removing the system and installing it on another preferred vehicle is not a problem.


Q. Can I add a Hydrogen fuel cell system to a vehicle without effecting the manufactures warranty?
A. Yes. Installing a hydrogen fuel cell system with a relay will keep the power for the fuel cell completely isolated from the vehicles factory components. There is no chance of the fuel cell overloading other operating vehicle electronic components, since we are supplying the power to the fuel cell directly from the battery. If the system should shut down by blowing the fuse protection by running low on water, your vehicle automatically returns to running at its factory settings. Also, our system requires no electronic voltage altering devices to be installed on the vehicle to TRICK the factory sensors.
In addition, as stated in the "clean air standards act",No action with respect to any device or element of design referred to in paragraph (3) shall be treated as a prohibited act under that paragraph if the action is for the purpose of a conversion of a motor vehicle for use of a clean alternative fuel"


Q. Is it safe to use one of those MAF and Oxygen Sensor Trick Boxes to increase the fuel mileage while using Hydrogen Fuel? What exactly is it doing?
A. No, Absolutely Not. By adding one of these boxes to your vehicle with a Hydrogen Fuel Cell System "Will" Eventually Damage the engine by running it to lean. The internal components of a standard vehicle engine were not designed to run at the temperature that is produced from running mostly Hydrogen Fuel. Manually leaning down the engine with these boxes - past the manufactures settings that are already set in the vehicles ECU, will slow down the regular fuel supply that is keeping within the factory settings of a 14.7:1 Air/Fuel Ratio that helps keep the engine cool. Eventually, Pistons and Cylinder Heads will be damaged, and it will shorten the life of the catalytic converter.

Hydrogen Fuel & Fuel Cell FAQ's - Our History & Future

HISTORY
In 1839, the first fuel cell was conceived by Sir William Robert Grove, a Welsh judge, inventor and physicist. He mixed hydrogen and oxygen in the presence of an electrolyte, and produced electricity and water. The invention, which later became known as a fuel cell, didn't produce enough electricity to be useful.
In 1889, the term "fuel cell" was first coined by Ludwig Mond and Charles Langer, who attempted to build a working fuel cell using air and industrial coal gas. Another source states that it was William White Jaques who first coined the term "fuel cell." Jaques was also the first researcher to use phosphoric acid in the electrolyte bath.
In the 1920s, fuel cell research in Germany paved the way to the development of the carbonate cycle and solid oxide fuel cells of today.
In 1932, engineer Francis T Bacon began his vital research into fuels cells. Early cell designers used porous platinum electrodes and sulfuric acid as the electrolyte bath. Using platinum was expansive and using sulfuric acid was corrosive. Bacon improved on the expensive platinum catalysts with a hydrogen and oxygen cell using a less corrosive alkaline electrolyte and inexpensive nickel electrodes.
It took Bacon until 1959 to perfect his design, when he demonstrated a five-kilowatt fuel cell that could power a welding machine. Francis T. Bacon, a direct descendent of the other well known Francis Bacon, named his famous fuel cell design the "Bacon Cell."
In October of 1959, Harry Karl Ihrig, an engineer for the Allis - Chalmers Manufacturing Company, demonstrated a 20-horsepower tractor that was the first vehicle ever powered by a fuel cell.
During the early 1960s, General Electric produced the fuel-cell-based electrical power system for NASA's Gemini and Apollo space capsules. General Electric used the principles found in the "Bacon Cell" as the basis of its design. Today, the Space Shuttle's electricity is provided by fuel cells, and the same fuel cells provide drinking water for the crew.
NASA decided that using nuclear reactors was too high a risk, and using batteries or solar power was too bulky to use in space vehicles. NASA has funded more than 200 research contracts exploring fuel-cell technology, bringing the technology to a level now viable for the private sector.
The first bus powered by a fuel cell was completed in 1993, and several fuel-cell cars are now being built in Europe and in the United States. Daimler Benz and Toyota launched prototype fuel-cell powered cars in 1997.

Hydrogen, it's everywhere.
It's in the water we drink and bathe in, the water we swim in on hot summer days. It's in the rain that falls from the sky, the snow we sled on in the winter, and it's in the very oceans that support the life of our planet. It is the most plentiful element on earth and it has the distinct possibility of becoming the energy carrier that will fuel our culture far into the future. Read on for just a sampling of the ways smart engineers are working to harness the fuel power of element #1 on the periodic table.

The Benefits of Hydrogen Over Fossil Fuels
The benefits of ditching fossil fuels for hydrogen are many, of course. Burning fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil to heat and cool our buildings and run our vehicles takes a heavy toll on the environment, contributing significantly to both local problems such as elevated particulate levels and global ones such as a warming climate. The only by-product of running a hydrogen-powered fuel cell is oxygen and a trickle of water, neither of which will cause any harm to human health or the environment.

The High Cost of Building Hydrogen Fuel-Cell Vehicles
Reining in manufacturing costs of fuel-cell vehicles is the first major issue the automakers are addressing. While several have fuel-cell prototype vehicles on the road—Toyota and Honda are even leasing them to the public in Japan and California—they are spending upwards of $1 million to produce each one due to the advanced technology involved and low production runs. Toyota hopes to reduce its costs per fuel-cell vehicle to around $50,000 by 2015, which would make such cars economically viable in the marketplace. On this side of the Pacific, General Motors plans to sell hydrogen-powered vehicles in the United States by 2010. Another problem is the lack of hydrogen refueling stations. Major oil companies have been loathe to set up hydrogen tanks at existing gas stations for many reasons, ranging from safety to cost to lack of demand. But obviously the oil companies are also trying to keep customers interested in their highly profitable bread-and-butter product: gasoline. A more likely scenario is what is emerging in California, where some 38 independent hydrogen fuel stations are located around the state as part of a network created by the nonprofit California Fuel Cell Partnership, a consortium of automakers, state and federal agencies, and other parties interested in furthering hydrogen fuel-cell technologies.

Burning fossil fuels such as gasoline or diesel adds greenhouse gases to the earth's atmosphere. Greenhouse gases trap heat and thus warm the earth because they prevent a significant proportion of infrared radiation from escaping into space. FCVs powered by pure hydrogen emit no greenhouse gases. If the hydrogen is generated by reforming fossil fuels, some greenhouse gases are released, but much less than the amount produced by conventional vehicles.FCVs have the potential to strengthen our national energy security by reducing our dependence on foreign oil. The U.S. uses about 20 million barrels of oil per day, at a cost of about $2 billion a week. In fact, half of the oil used to produce the gasoline you put in your tank is imported. Hydrogen can be derived from many sources, such as methanol, natural gas, and gasoline, as well as renewable resources such as water. This flexibility would make us less dependent upon oil from foreign countries.

Public Acceptance
Finally, fuel cell technology must be embraced by consumers before its benefits can be realized. Consumers may have concerns about the dependability and it's safety, just as they did with the first automobiles-which were considered a radically different techology at the turn of the century.
Think about it. The world that we've created for ourselves—with all of our technological developments—is fraught with hazards. But it's also filled with potential—a cornucopia of good ideas that can make our lives better, easier and richer. The caveat here is that it isn't just automatic, it requires attention and intelligent use.
We have all learned to handle dangerous but useful tools in our daily lives. We don't think twice about slicing a loaf of bread with a sharp knife, striking a hot match to light a candle or driving down the road in a car filled with a tank of explosive gasoline. We don't think about their dangers because we've learned to be smart and judicious in their use.
It is much the same case with hydrogen—new to us as a motor fuel, proper handling and safety techniques will require a learning curve. Engineers have done their part and developed safe and effective processes for transporting, storing and dispensing the fuel. It's up to us as users to be cognizant of the rules and to follow them. Visit us at Hydro-Force Fuel, LLC to learn how we have taken this bold step in safely converting your current vehicle to use Hydrogen Fuel as an alternative fuel source.

"Future" Alternative Fuel Vehicles,"Todays" Alternative Fuel Solution

The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is the single largest entity that controls the world's oil supplies. It is comprised of 12 countries: Algeria, Angola, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Venezuela. When this small organization of individuals, who control over 40% of the world's oil reserves, decide to raise the price of crude oil, they simply stop producing as much oil. The shortage of supply causes buyers to pay a premium for what they need, driving the price up.
When Americans think of conserving fuel, they seldom take into account that we are no longer the only country in the world running rampant with fuel. Even if we could control our own input, China is running a close second to the United States in consumption, increases estimated to reach 150% by 2020. No longer the only game in town, it would take a worldwide effort to slow down usage. Creating alternative fuels is a great idea but another problem abounds. Where are we going to store it? Terminals are already fighting for tank space for all of the different types of fuels. Build more refineries and terminals? There have been companies tied up in our court system for decades, attempting to do just that. No one wants his or her personal space invaded.Auto Manufactures are also struggling to supply a "Beat All" fuel efficient vehicle to the market. Just a few of the alternative fuel vehicles of the future consist of;

The Tesla Roadster is a light, all-electric, plug-in roadster with a $100,000 price tag. GM is still on the fence about whether their EV Volt will fall under Chevy, or under another brand available in 2010. Toyota is introducing their HS-FT hybrid Concept Vehicle sometime in 2009. Fisker Automotive will be introducing their Hybrid that will trip in all electric mode a range of 600 miles and will also carry a starting price at $100,000.

So as we move into a future of alternative fueled vehicles to help our environment, and save fuel while regular petroleum fuel prices continue to rise, owning one of these luxurious set of wheels may be way out of the common consumers budget. Hydro-Force Fuel, LLC can not compete with some of the new Hybrid results, nor convert your vehicle into one of these stylish head turning vehicles, but we can increase your fuel mileage with your current vehicle that you may have already paid off in full. Hydro-Force Fuel HHO Hydrogen Add-on Fuel Cell Systems has become the answer to your alternative fuel conversion with out breaking your bank account. As you may search for fuel saving techniques, you will find that the web has become a cluttered mess of offers that will try to get you to become an experimenter on developing and/or building your own fuel cell generator, or offering you a system that has Electronic Trick Boxes that would require automotive electrical wiring skills to hook up the system. The Hydro-Force Fuel HHO Hydrogen Fuel Cell Systems does not use any trick boxes, as for this "WILL" eventually damage your engine by running it too lean. The VIPER-I&VIPER-II; HHO Hydrogen Fuel Cell Systems are installed safely to any new or used car or truck on the road today, and is completely isolated from the vehicles electronics. HAS HYDROGEN BEEN USED IN VEHICLES BEFORE?YES. The First Hydrogen Vehicle was produced in 1807, and in 1986 was a time of great development for hydrogen cars. From the first Rivaz car designed by Francois Isaac de Rivaz of Switzerland to the Hippomobile to the GM Electrovan to several models designed by Musashi, hydrogen vehicles grew by leaps and bounds over these years.Visit the leader in Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology of the 21st century - Hydro-Force Fuel, LLC to find out how easy it is to convert your current vehicle into using the fuel of the future, Hydrogen Fuel Cells. "HHO HYDROGEN FUEL ON DEMAND". No High pressured storage tanks. You produce the fuel needed as you drive.

Become a Hydro-Force Fuel Distributor

Hydro-Force Fuel Hydrogen injection generator auto parts are America's Premier hydro fuel auto parts and systems.

A Hydro-Force Fuel auto parts retail / dealer / installer offers sales, service and installation of the best hydrogen injection systems on the market today.



If you are a current Automotive business owner:

Radiator Shop,Automotive Repair,Custom Build, or a home based mechanic, this is a perfect product line for you. Install a Hydrogen Injection Generator and let the fuel savings pay for your new business services.

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HHO Hydrogen Fuel Cell Systems by Hydro-Force Fuel, LLC

The Leader in Advanced Technology for
Hydrogen-On-Demand "Compact" Hydrogen Fuel Cell Systems Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology for New or Used Cars and Trucks.

· Are you frustrated with having to pay the High Fuel Prices of today’s market?
Hydro-Force Fuel Safely Proves that using Hydrogen Fuel as an Alternative Fuel for your car or truck will cost you UNDER $2.00 a Month to "Make Fuel" with water.

· Do you own a large SUV or any other make of car or truck that you do not wish to part with due to High Fuel Prices?
Hydro-Force Fuel Safely Provides increased Fuel Mileage in your current car or truck 25% or more by using Hydrogen Fuel as an Alternative Fuel Source.

· Have you wondered if It Is Possible to Safely add-on a Hydrogen Fuel Cell to Increase Fuel Mileage With Out Harming your car or truck?
Hydro-Force Fuel Safely Attaches to your current car or truck by keeping the Hydrogen Fuel Cell system completely isolated and not tampering with any of the vehicle’s Electronic Components.

· Does helping the Environment to Fight Global Warming sometimes enter your thoughts? How does adding a Hydrogen Fuel Cell System help the Environment?
Hydro-Force Fuel Safely Produces Cleaner Emissions with Hydrogen Fuel Cells by reducing the harmful hydrocarbons produced by regular petroleum fuels.

Hydro-Force Fuel, LLC
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology
Go GREEN - Burn BLUE TM ©
Learn more about the Future of using Hydrogen Fuel and Hydrogen Fuel Cells for New or Used Cars and Trucks.
* No High Pressured Storage Tanks with our Hydrogen Fuel cell Systems.
* No Routine Periodic Maintenance with our Hydrogen Fuel cell Systems.
* No "Recalibrating the system" with our Hydrogen Fuel cell Systems.
* No Electronical Trick Boxes with our Hydrogen Fuel cell Systems.

Purchase today one of the Safest, Most Affordable, and Easiest Hydrogen Fuel Cell Add-on products for your Vehicle that Saves you Money and Fuel Instantly!